Biology / Bio 1801 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Homology and Analogy, Applied to Phylogenetics
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Building an accurate phylogeny depends on sorting homologous traits, per Bio 1659, from analogous ones, per Bio 1663, since only homology signals shared ancestry.
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Grouping bats and birds by wing shape alone would wrongly imply close ancestry, since flight evolved independently, or analogously, in each.
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Mistaking an analogous trait for a homologous one produces a phylogeny that misreports which lineages share ancestry.