Biology / Bio 1817 · Atom · ~20 seconds
HGT Mechanisms in Prokaryotes
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Prokaryotes exchange genetic material horizontally by three classical mechanisms: transformation, taking up free DNA; transduction, a virus carrying DNA; and conjugation, direct contact.
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A bacterium acquiring an antibiotic-resistance gene by taking up free DNA released from a dead cell nearby is undergoing transformation.
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These three are classical — gene transfer agents, virus-like particles carrying DNA, are a more recently discovered fourth mechanism.