Biology / Bio 3239 · Atom · ~20 seconds
The Loop of Henle and the Countercurrent Multiplier
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The loop of Henle's descending and ascending limbs run fluid in opposite directions through a salt gradient, a countercurrent multiplier letting the kidney concentrate urine beyond blood's own concentration.
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A longer loop, found in desert-adapted mammals, produces a steeper gradient and more concentrated urine.
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The multiplier concentrates the surrounding salt gradient first — filtrate concentration changes as a result, not the reverse.