Biology / Bio 0360 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Electrochemical Gradient
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An electrochemical gradient combines a charged particle's concentration gradient with the membrane's electrical charge difference, together setting its net direction.
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A cell's negative interior charge draws sodium inward, and sodium's own concentration gradient favors moving inward too.
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For some ions both gradients pull the same way; for others, like potassium, they pull opposite ways.