American Government

295 shown

1. Gov 001 What a Government Is A
2. Gov 002 Public Goods A
3. Gov 003 Common Goods A
4. Gov 004 The Goods Grid A
5. Gov 005 Democracy A
6. Gov 006 Representative Democracy A
7. Gov 007 Direct Democracy A
8. Gov 008 ERROR: "The United States Is a Direct Democracy" A
9. Gov 009 Oligarchy A
10. Gov 010 Totalitarian Government A
11. Gov 011 Elite Theory A
12. Gov 012 Pluralist Theory A
13. Gov 013 Civic Engagement A
14. Gov 016 The Social Contract A
15. Gov 017 Natural Rights A
16. Gov 018 Republicanism A
17. Gov 019 ERROR: "Republicanism Means the Republican Party" A
18. Gov 020 The Declaration of Independence A
19. Gov 021 ERROR: "The Declaration of Independence Is Binding Law" A
20. Gov 022 The Articles of Confederation A
21. Gov 023 ERROR: "The Constitution Was America's First Governing Document" A
22. Gov 024 The Tax Weakness of the Articles A
23. Gov 025 Shays' Rebellion A
24. Gov 026 The Constitutional Convention A
25. Gov 027 The Virginia Plan A
26. Gov 028 The New Jersey Plan A
27. Gov 029 The Great Compromise A
28. Gov 030 The Three-Fifths Compromise A
29. Gov 031 Separation of Powers A
30. Gov 032 Checks and Balances A
31. Gov 033 ERROR: "Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances Are the Same" A
32. Gov 034 The Federalists A
33. Gov 035 The Anti-Federalists A
34. Gov 036 The Federalist Papers A
35. Gov 037 The Bill of Rights Bargain A
36. Gov 038 Reading a Constitutional Citation A
37. Gov 039 Proposing an Amendment A
38. Gov 040 Ratifying an Amendment A
39. Gov 041 ERROR: "Two-Thirds of the States Ratify an Amendment" A
40. Gov 042 Looking Up a Constitutional Claim P
41. Gov 043 From Articles to Constitution C
42. Gov 056 Federalism A
43. Gov 057 ERROR: "'Federal' Means Only the National Government" A
44. Gov 058 Unitary System A
45. Gov 059 Confederation A
46. Gov 060 Enumerated Powers A
47. Gov 061 The Elastic Clause A
48. Gov 062 Reserved Powers A
49. Gov 063 Concurrent Powers A
50. Gov 064 The Supremacy Clause A
51. Gov 065 ERROR: "States Can Nullify Federal Law" A
52. Gov 066 The Commerce Clause A
53. Gov 067 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) A
54. Gov 068 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) A
55. Gov 069 Full Faith and Credit A
56. Gov 070 Dual Federalism A
57. Gov 071 Cooperative Federalism A
58. Gov 072 ERROR: "Federal and State Spheres Stay Separate Today" A
59. Gov 073 New Federalism A
60. Gov 074 Categorical Grants A
61. Gov 075 Block Grants A
62. Gov 076 Creeping Categorization A
63. Gov 077 Unfunded Mandates A
64. Gov 078 States as Laboratories A
65. Gov 079 Unequal Policy Across States A
66. Gov 083 State Constitutions A
67. Gov 084 The Mirrored Design of State Governments A
68. Gov 085 Local Governments Are Creatures of Their States A
69. Gov 086 Classifying a Power P
70. Gov 087 The Federal Bargain C
71. Gov 096 Civil Liberties A
72. Gov 097 Civil Rights A
73. Gov 098 ERROR: "Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Are the Same" A
74. Gov 099 The Bill of Rights A
75. Gov 100 Barron v. Baltimore (1833) A
76. Gov 101 The Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause A
77. Gov 102 Selective Incorporation A
78. Gov 103 ERROR: "The Bill of Rights Has Always Bound the States" A
79. Gov 104 The Establishment Clause A
80. Gov 105 The Free Exercise Clause A
81. Gov 106 ERROR: "'Separation of Church and State' Is Constitutional Text" A
82. Gov 107 Freedom of Speech A
83. Gov 108 Unprotected Speech A
84. Gov 109 Freedom of the Press and Prior Restraint A
85. Gov 110 Assembly and Petition A
86. Gov 111 The Second Amendment A
87. Gov 112 The Fourth Amendment A
88. Gov 113 The Fifth Amendment: Self-Incrimination A
89. Gov 114 Miranda v. Arizona (1966) A
90. Gov 115 The Sixth Amendment: Counsel A
91. Gov 116 The Eighth Amendment A
92. Gov 117 The Inferred Right to Privacy A
93. Gov 118 Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) A
94. Gov 119 Roe v. Wade (1973) A
95. Gov 120 The Undue Burden Standard A
96. Gov 121 The Equal Protection Clause A
97. Gov 122 The Rational Basis Test A
98. Gov 123 Strict Scrutiny A
99. Gov 124 Intermediate Scrutiny A
100. Gov 125 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) A
101. Gov 126 Brown v. Board of Education (1954) A
102. Gov 127 ERROR: "Brown Ended Segregation Immediately" A
103. Gov 128 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 A
104. Gov 129 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 A
105. Gov 130 The Nineteenth Amendment A
106. Gov 131 The Equal Rights Amendment A
107. Gov 132 Native American Citizenship A
108. Gov 133 Applying the Standards of Review P
109. Gov 134 Two Shields C
110. Gov 135 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) A
111. Gov 136 ERROR: "Dobbs Made Abortion Illegal Nationwide" A
112. Gov 137 Lawrence v. Texas (2003) A
113. Gov 138 Tracing an Inferred Right P
114. Gov 139 Engel v. Vitale (1962) A
115. Gov 140 The Lemon Test A
116. Gov 141 Kennedy v. Bremerton School District (2022) A
117. Gov 142 ERROR: "The Lemon Test Still Governs" A
118. Gov 143 The Sherbert Test A
119. Gov 144 Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) A
120. Gov 145 Employment Division v. Smith (1990) A
121. Gov 146 ERROR: "A Religious Objection Defeats Any Law" A
122. Gov 147 The Religious Freedom Restoration Act A
123. Gov 148 City of Boerne v. Flores (1997) A
124. Gov 149 Applying the Religion Clauses P
125. Gov 150 The Two Clauses and Their Tests C
126. Gov 161 Public Opinion A
127. Gov 162 Political Socialization A
128. Gov 163 Agents of Socialization A
129. Gov 164 Political Ideology A
130. Gov 165 The Ideological Spectrum A
131. Gov 166 ERROR: "Ideology and Party Are the Same" A
132. Gov 167 Party Identification A
133. Gov 168 Scientific Polling A
134. Gov 169 Random Sampling A
135. Gov 170 ERROR: "A Bigger Sample Beats a Random Sample" A
136. Gov 171 The Margin of Error A
137. Gov 172 Question Wording A
138. Gov 173 The Bradley Effect A
139. Gov 174 The Delegate Model A
140. Gov 175 The Trustee Model A
141. Gov 176 The Presidential Approval Pattern A
142. Gov 180 Reading a Poll P
143. Gov 181 The Measured Public C
144. Gov 201 Voter Registration A
145. Gov 202 Making Registration Easier A
146. Gov 203 Voter Turnout A
147. Gov 204 The Three Denominators A
148. Gov 205 ERROR: "There Is One True Turnout Number" A
149. Gov 206 Who Votes A
150. Gov 207 Turnout in Comparison A
151. Gov 208 The Nomination Stage A
152. Gov 209 Primaries A
153. Gov 210 Caucuses A
154. Gov 211 Delegates and Conventions A
155. Gov 212 The General Election A
156. Gov 213 Plurality Rule A
157. Gov 214 ERROR: "Most Votes Means a Majority" A
158. Gov 215 The Electoral College A
159. Gov 216 ERROR: "The National Popular Vote Elects the President" A
160. Gov 217 The Electoral Calendar A
161. Gov 218 Coattails A
162. Gov 219 The Initiative A
163. Gov 220 The Referendum A
164. Gov 221 The Recall A
165. Gov 230 Reading Election Returns P
166. Gov 231 The Machinery of Choosing C
167. Gov 251 The Media A
168. Gov 252 The Watchdog Role A
169. Gov 253 Agenda Setting A
170. Gov 254 ERROR: "The Media Tell People What to Think" A
171. Gov 255 Framing A
172. Gov 256 Priming A
173. Gov 257 Sunshine Laws A
174. Gov 258 Political Parties A
175. Gov 259 ERROR: "The Constitution Establishes Political Parties" A
176. Gov 260 The Three-Part Party A
177. Gov 261 The Two-Party System A
178. Gov 262 Winner-Take-All and Duverger's Law A
179. Gov 263 Third Parties A
180. Gov 264 Divided Government A
181. Gov 265 Partisan Polarization A
182. Gov 266 Interest Groups A
183. Gov 267 ERROR: "Parties and Interest Groups Are the Same" A
184. Gov 268 The Collective Action Problem A
185. Gov 269 Free Riding A
186. Gov 270 ERROR: "Bigger Groups Organize More Easily" A
187. Gov 271 Overcoming Collective Action A
188. Gov 272 Lobbying A
189. Gov 273 Grassroots Strategies A
190. Gov 274 Political Action Committees A
191. Gov 290 Reading a Crosstab P
192. Gov 291 The Linkage Institutions C
193. Gov 311 The First Branch A
194. Gov 312 The House of Representatives A
195. Gov 313 The Senate A
196. Gov 314 ERROR: "Senators Have Always Been Popularly Elected" A
197. Gov 315 The Identical-Bills Requirement A
198. Gov 316 Congressional Oversight A
199. Gov 317 Congressional Districts A
200. Gov 318 Redistricting A
201. Gov 319 Gerrymandering A
202. Gov 320 ERROR: "All Gerrymandering Is Illegal" A
203. Gov 321 The Incumbency Advantage A
204. Gov 322 The Speaker of the House A
205. Gov 323 Senate Floor Leaders A
206. Gov 324 Standing Committees A
207. Gov 325 Select, Joint, and Conference Committees A
208. Gov 326 The Committee Graveyard A
209. Gov 327 ERROR: "Most Bills Become Laws" A
210. Gov 328 The Filibuster A
211. Gov 329 Cloture A
212. Gov 330 ERROR: "The Filibuster Is in the Constitution" A
213. Gov 331 The Veto and the Override A
214. Gov 340 Tracing a Bill P
215. Gov 341 The First Branch at Work C
216. Gov 356 The Presidency's Design A
217. Gov 357 Qualifications and the Two-Term Limit A
218. Gov 358 Commander in Chief A
219. Gov 359 The Appointment Power A
220. Gov 360 The Treaty Power A
221. Gov 361 ERROR: "The President Alone Makes Treaties" A
222. Gov 362 The Pardon Power A
223. Gov 363 Impeachment A
224. Gov 364 ERROR: "Impeachment Means Removal" A
225. Gov 365 The All-or-Nothing Veto A
226. Gov 366 ERROR: "The President Can Veto Part of a Bill" A
227. Gov 367 The Cabinet A
228. Gov 368 The Executive Office of the President A
229. Gov 369 The Growth of the Office A
230. Gov 370 Going Public A
231. Gov 371 Executive Orders A
232. Gov 372 ERROR: "Executive Orders Are Permanent Like Statutes" A
233. Gov 373 Executive Agreements A
234. Gov 374 Signing Statements A
235. Gov 380 The Bureaucracy A
236. Gov 381 The Spoils System A
237. Gov 382 The Pendleton Act A
238. Gov 383 ERROR: "Federal Jobs Go to the Winner's Supporters" A
239. Gov 384 The Civil Service Today A
240. Gov 385 The Four Types A
241. Gov 386 Cabinet Departments A
242. Gov 387 Independent Regulatory Agencies A
243. Gov 388 Government Corporations A
244. Gov 389 Rulemaking A
245. Gov 390 Overseeing the Bureaucracy A
246. Gov 400 Classifying an Agency P
247. Gov 401 The Executive Branch Entire C
248. Gov 411 The Third Branch A
249. Gov 412 Judicial Independence A
250. Gov 413 Judicial Review A
251. Gov 414 Marbury v. Madison (1803) A
252. Gov 415 ERROR: "Judicial Review Is Written into Article III" A
253. Gov 416 The Dual Court System A
254. Gov 417 Criminal and Civil Cases A
255. Gov 418 The Three Federal Tiers A
256. Gov 419 District Courts A
257. Gov 420 Courts of Appeals A
258. Gov 421 The Nine Justices A
259. Gov 422 Certiorari A
260. Gov 423 The Rule of Four A
261. Gov 424 ERROR: "The Supreme Court Must Hear Appeals" A
262. Gov 425 Precedent A
263. Gov 426 Opinions of the Court A
264. Gov 427 Restraint and Activism A
265. Gov 428 The Solicitor General A
266. Gov 429 Purse and Sword A
267. Gov 430 ERROR: "Court Rulings Enforce Themselves" A
268. Gov 440 Reading a Supreme Court Decision P
269. Gov 441 The Guardians and Their Limits C
270. Gov 451 Public Policy A
271. Gov 452 The Policy Stages A
272. Gov 453 Distributive Policy A
273. Gov 454 Regulatory Policy A
274. Gov 455 Redistributive Policy A
275. Gov 456 Entitlements A
276. Gov 457 Discretionary Spending A
277. Gov 458 The Deficit and the Debt A
278. Gov 459 ERROR: "The Deficit and the Debt Are the Same" A
279. Gov 460 Fiscal and Monetary Policy A
280. Gov 461 Foreign Policy A
281. Gov 462 The Instruments A
282. Gov 463 ERROR: "Foreign Aid Is a Large Share of Federal Spending" A
283. Gov 464 Hard and Soft Power A
284. Gov 465 Isolationism A
285. Gov 466 Liberal Internationalism A
286. Gov 467 Idealism and Realism A
287. Gov 475 Tracing a Policy P
288. Gov 476 The Outputs of Government C
289. Gov 481 The Fourteenth Amendment's Long Arc C
290. Gov 482 The Counting Rules C
291. Gov 483 Who Governs, Revisited C
292. Gov 484 The Anatomy of Civic Error C
293. Gov 485 The Complete Circuit of Checks C
294. Gov 486 The Audit Toolkit C
295. Gov 487 One Pass Through the Republic C