Biology / Bio 0795 · Atom · ~20 seconds
Upstream and Downstream in a Signaling Cascade
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A signaling pathway, or cascade, is a chain reaction of activated proteins and messengers; earlier events are upstream, and events they trigger later are downstream.
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A growth factor binding its receptor is upstream of the gene expression change that binding eventually causes.
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A pathway can branch, so "downstream" only fixes an event's position relative to one specific upstream trigger.